Turismo y Sociedad

Cultural Ecosystem Services and Valuation Methods: A Systematic Review

Laura Andreína Matos Márquez — 2023-12-12

Cultural ecosystem services are associated with the non-material human valuation of places and ecosystems. In this article, a systematic review is carried out on the research that deals with ESAs and valuation methods as a topic. The information was obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, with the following search terms “cultural ecosystem services” and «“cultural ecosystem services” and “valuation methods”». The research was carried out on titles, abstracts, and keywords of scientific articles. The methodological recommendations of the PRISMA statement were used and exclusion criteria were applied; totally, 954 articles were included for this review. Finally, it was evidenced that none of the methodologies presented is of absolute application, since they depend on criteria: quantitative or qualitative, declared or revealed preferences of people, result in monetary or non-monetary valuations, or involve the parties interested in the appraisal process.

Emotional Intelligence for the Success of a Hotel Company

Mar Pineda-Rodríguez — 2023-12-12

This research analyses the role of emotional intelligence in the performance of hotel companies, a sector created by and for the people, where being emotionally competent is essential. The aim of this study is to find out the influence of exhibiting emotional skills on job satisfaction, communication within the company and leadership, and how these factors can foster business success in hotel organizations. To discover the reality of the hospitality context around emotional intelligence, employee satisfaction surveys have been analyzed and 42 interviews with employees of a hotel in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, were carried out and the employee satisfaction surveys have been analyzed. While results confirmed the relevance of emotional intelligence in the hotel context, the research showed that it requires more recognition.

Tourist Satisfaction Using Motivational Factors: Comparison of Statistical Learning Models

Juan Gabriel Vanegas — 2023-12-12

The level of satisfaction of a tourist with the destination visited, as well as his or her intention to revisit the destination, is assumed to be dependent on his or her previous experience with the place. To observe this relational perspective, a dataset of 386 tourists who visited the city of Medellin (Colombia) in 2018 was used. To predict the variables of revisiting the city and satisfaction with the destination, we consider push and pull variables. Four statistical learning models were estimated to classify tourists: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm. The most important variables in the satisfaction estimation were: ‘talk about future travel experiences’ and ‘go to places my friends have not visited’, while for revisiting the city the variables were: ‘visit historical places’ and ‘travel at low prices’.

Service robots in hotel businesses: A mixed method study

Mehmet Tekeli — 2023-12-12

The aim of the research is to determine the willingness and perspectives of the employees of the five-star hotel business in Nevşehir, Turkey, regarding service robots by using a mixed method. 396 questionnaires were obtained with the convenience sampling method. In addition, the purposeful sampling method was adopted in the study, which was designed as a case study, and 12 people were interviewed. The research findings were revealed by making difference analyzes and descriptive analyzes. It has been determined that hotel employees are relatively willing to work with service robots. Employees focused more on the performance and convenience of service robots. Some employees stated that service robots will show human-like features physically, but they cannot replace humans due to the labor-intensive nature of tourism. On the other hand, it has been concluded that with the achievement of the service standard, they will play an important role in reducing errors and increasing service quality.

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Revista Turismo y Sociedad — 2023-12-12

Editorial

Revista Turismo y Sociedad — 2023-12-12

Airbnb: Is There Collaborative Lodging in this Gentrified Setting?

Adalberto Navidad Sánchez — 2023-12-12

This article analyzes the digital platform Airbnb to determine if it represents a collaborative lodging alternative in Avándaro, Valle de Bravo, a town that has grown significantly in the last 10 years due to the settlement of residential tourism, which has conquered most of the central territory and is determining notable social, economic, and territorial changes. Semi-structured interviews were applied to residents, merchants and real estate agents, and non-participant observation was conducted in the field. The research method employed was narratives, which helped to obtain qualitative data that provided a broad contextual framework of the problem. The review of the platform allowed the analysis of the insertion of this type of lodgings in this scenario, resulting in Airbnb being integrated as an element that supports the main process of tourism gentrification, which far from representing a collaborative alternative of lodging, intensifies social and tourist inequalities.

Analysis of the Tourism Offering of Intangible Cultural Heritage for Peruvian Centennials and Millennials. An Alternative for the Post-Pandemic?

Fabrizio Augusto Alberca-Sialer — 2023-12-12

This article evaluates the intangible cultural heritage (ich) offerings in Southern Peru as a tourist attraction to promote ich-based tourism as an alternative for the recovery of the tourism sector. The objective is to understand what is being offered and how it is presented, as well as whether what is offered aligns with the interests and preferences of the demand. To this end, the information and images associated with ich manifestations are analyzed. There is a geographical correspondence between the demand and the offering, highlighting the significance of southern Peru as a “meeting place”. Likewise, the design of policies should promote ich-based tourism in the study areas. There is demand for this heritage, but it is necessary to articulate the attractions and services to generate products capable of attracting it.

Perception Study: Influence of Quilotoa Lagoon Tourism on the Socioeconomic Development of the Quilotoa Community

Alba Antonieta Yánez Ayabaca — 2023-12-12

This research allowed the identification of the perception regarding the influence of tourism on its socioeconomic development of the Quilotoa community, located in the Zumbahua parish in the Cotopaxi province. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with local stakeholders and community members using the snowball methodology and atlas. The program was used for analysis. According to the data obtained, the main tourism activities and services provided are guiding, food and beverages, lodging, handicraft sales, community tourism information, transportation, and tourism receptionists. The community believes that tourism improves family income, employment opportunities, infrastructure, but does not strengthen the health and education systems, and weakens community organization and cultural identity.

Covid-19 Vaccine Refusal: Tourism Implications

Mariano Lechuga Besné — 2023-12-12

The objective of this study was to find out the beliefs, attitudes and behaviors associated with not getting vaccinated against covid-19 and its relationship with tourism through the Theory of Reasoned Action (TAR). A psychometrically validated instrument based on studies on covid-19 was used. 213 responses were obtained. The data was analyzed with a structural equation model (SEM). Results confirmed the usefulness of TRA, a general mistrust of the vaccine and government information. Beliefs are determinant for not getting vaccinated. Regarding travel, little interest, or refusal to be immunized to travel was found.

Tourism, Social Backwardness and Covid-19. The Case of Oaxaca, Mexico

Christian Martínez Olivera — 2023-12-12

This research analyzes the relationship between tourism activity and social backwardness in five municipalities in the state of Oaxaca in the period 2005-2020. It proposes as a hypothesis that tourist activity has a significant positive impact on the reduction of social backwardness. In addition, it studies the behavior of the tourist activity of the analyzed municipalities and its resilience to the covid -19 crisis during 2020. It uses quantitative methodology through the design of a database with documented information, applying descriptive statistical methods and linear regression. The results show that there is a positive association between the variables analyzed, since, if the tourist activity improves, it has a statistically significant effect on the reduction of social backwardness. In addition, the tourist dynamics behaved in a heterogeneous way during the pandemic. Valuable information for decision-making in the planning of the post-covid-19 stage.

Impact of Covid-19 Restriction Measures on Operators, Transport and Tourist Accommodation in Ecuador

Jessica Victoria Ramón Quichimbo — 2023-12-12

The covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the global economy, with the tourism sector standing out as one of the most affected since the pandemic was declared in March 2020. This sector plays an essential role in the economy by contributing significantly through the value chain in the production of goods and services. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of covid-19 restrictions on operating, accommodation, and transportation companies in Ecuador. The methodology adopted combines a mixed approach that includes non-experimental elements and is based on a systemic review, using data from the Superintendence of Companies, Securities, and Insurance between 2019 and 2020. The results reveal significant statistical differences in the transportation and travel agencies subsectors, with negative averages in both years. On the other hand, the lodging sector does not present economic benefits during the period under analysis.

Conditions for the Development of Recreational Tourism in Chapadmalal in the Context of Covid-19

Nadia Roldán — 2023-12-12

This article seeks to contribute to a sociocultural analysis of the territory of Chapadmalal for an alternative type of tourism and recreational development, based on considering the residents of this town as key actors in this process. In this sense, it seeks to investigate, on the one hand, in the free time and the appropriation that they make of their space for recreational use and, on the other, in the characteristics of the social capital of civil society organizations (CSOS) and groups present in the territory to generate a diagnosis of the Chapadmalal resident community in the covid-19 context. The approach was proposed from a descriptive and interpretive approach, in which a triangulation of methods was carried out, obtaining data through interviews and surveys conducted with the local population. It is concluded that the local community values their free time, giving importance to the realization of recreational activities in the spaces conceived as their own. In addition, it is visualized that social capital (cognitive and structural) accounts for factors that favor mutually beneficial collective action, which could be channeled into tourism projects in an alternative key.

Social Practices Associated with Mobilities in Pandemics

Adriana María Otero — 2023-12-12

The impacts that the covid-19 pandemic has exposed on the productive structure occur in a diverse and differential way. In light of this, we ask ourselves, how were the time spaces of contemporary mobilities reconfigured after the covid crisis? From a perspective of spatiality and social practices, how is post-vaccine tourism substantively interpreted? To address these questions, this work is structured according to a characterization of that moment, in terms of societal changes and its connection with the phenomenon of the pandemic, then the changes in perception of space time and visibility are addressed and updating of historical disputes associated with inequality.

In dialogue with the above, we reflect on the processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization as part of a continuum marked by a scenario of inequality, conflicts, and manifest reconfigurations in contemporary territories. Finally, the paper investigates post-vaccine tourism from a perspective of spatiality and social practices.

Economic Implications of Covid-19 Pandemic in a Regional Tourism Sector in Mexico (2020-2021)

Carlos Francisco Ortiz Paniagua — 2023-12-12

In Mexico, the Magical Towns Program is a government strategy designed to stimulate and diversify economic activities that boost local economies in 177 small touristic towns. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of covid-19 confinement measures on the local economy linked to tourism in eight out of the nine Magical Towns (MTs) of Michoacan. To achieve aim, an experiment was designed with two sample groups, one of people and the other of companies from MTs’. The economic impact was measured with two indices that were compared for each sample group among the MTs using Fisher’s technique known as Least Significant Differences (LSD). The results suggest that the population perceived a high impact (72/100), while companies perceived a regular impact (49/100). The LSD test suggests that economic impact of confinement was homogeneous in 25 contrasts, which did not show significant differences. On the other hand, there were three contrasts, with a MT as a common factor (Tzintzuntzan), in which a greater economic impact than the rest was perceived.

The Memory of Places: Case Study on the Strategy Medellin Embraces its history – MASH and The Inflexion Memorial Park in the City of Medellin (Colombia)

Yeffersson Camilo Monsalve Barragán — 2023-12-12

When discussing history, society and culture, the city of Medellin’s recent past has been marked by its links to different forms of conlict. As part of the reparation to the victims, the Medellín Abraza su Historia – MASH – (2019) strategy was led by the Alcaldía de Medellín (Mayor’s Office of Medellin), with the intention of changing the unwanted memory linked to the past and representing it through actions, such as the construction of a memorial park in the same place where one of Pablo Escobar’s flagship buildings used to be. Through a case study as the main research method, techniques such as directed in-depth interviews and participant observation, we sought to find out if MASH contributed to the resignification of the memory of a city that is still linked to its violent past. From the actions contemplated in mash, especially the construction of said memorial park, a contribution is made to the discourse from the victims and not from the perpetrators. However, it is an institutional initiative, with a very marked view from the public power.

Analytical Approaches and Contrasts for the Consolidation of Spaces in the Tourism Industry

Luís Angel Soto de Anda — 2023-12-12

The topic of space is discussed from a critical-hermeneutic perspective that illustrates how some social and humanistic sciences have contributed to clearing up the nebulous panorama that exists regarding this category; the literature consulted strategically analyzed the philosophical, sociological and anthropological postulates to identify the main elements that tourism uses to consolidate unique, attractive and profitable destinations. Space is a complex and dynamic term that is reinvented based on collective needs and requirements. Territory, territoriality, landscape, places and non-places are just some of the categorical derivations that emerge from a larger phenomenon; in other words, addressing these subtopics is vital to understanding the relationship between man and nature, sociocultural manifestations, processes of change, as well as transformation and/or conditioning of scenarios for the tourism industry.

Geotourism potential and challenges in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina (Colombia)

Dino Carmelo Manco-Jaraba — 2024-03-18

The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina (Colombia) is a well-established tourist destination with numerous geosites that show a marvelous natural and cultural heritage of great importance and attractive for the development of geotourism. Although this region is visited mainly for its spectacular coastal landscape, until now, there was a lack of geological information and interpretation about those emblematic geosites. Therefore, it is very important to develop a geoconservation strategy by promoting sustainable geotourism through improving the knowledge of the geological elements of this region. The landscape value of this region must be globally recognized to improve and protect its heritage resources through geotourism and geoeducation with geoconservation purposes, so that it motivates an efficient management that describes guidelines that promote the development of an appropiate tourist infrastructure, centers of scientific and cultural interpretation, dissemination and educational materials, active exchange with geoparks, continuous improvement and participation of the local communities.

Paradigms of Tourism: From Grand Tour to Postmodern or Contemporary Tourism

Edna Esperanza Rozo Bellón — 2023-12-12

In this article of reflection four paradigms are proposed related to the forms of valuation of tourist places since their emergence as a social phenomenon of modernity, through their various forms of appropriation of the territories in which it has developed: The first is related to the Grand Tour, a social practice that arose in the West; the second, gives rise to the so-called modern, massive or Fordist tourism; the third, is the emergence of alternative tourism, in response to environmental debates, to forms of participatory planning and from a local perspective; and the last, refers to contemporary or postmodern expressions. Although there are some milestones in the emergence of these paradigms, nowadays in different areas of the planet they are presented simultaneously, generating multiple logics and social, material, symbolic and aesthetic contents of places with tourist vocation.

The Tourist Experience: The Process of Encounter Between Tourists and Locals and Their Mutual Concealment

Marissa Gabriela Gama Garduño — 2023-12-12

From an anthropological perspective, this article aims to analyze the tourist experience understood as a social drama observed from the encounter between tourists and locals, an inharmonious process that generates conflicts between the actors involved, given that each group assigns a symbolic plot to their performance during this process. Regarding the methodology, the work arose from the theoretical-discursive study of Victor Turner’s anthropology of the experience, through a narrative and bibliographic review of previous works on the subject, to reflect on the approach carried out by other authors. The result of the analysis allows us to establish that the encounter between tourists and locals is interpreted as an unsatisfactory tourist experience, in which a mechanism of mutual concealment is noticed since each group chooses from the universe of the other a series of symbols that communicate through an unequal, conflictive, and of mutual avoidance relationship due to the cultural shock caused by the social interaction of the entities involved.